International Conference on Food Microbiology October 22-23, 2021 London, UK

Aquaculture "is understood to mean the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming implies some form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc. Farming also implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated. The reported output from global aquaculture operations in 2014 supplied over one half of the fish and shellfish that is directly consumed by humans; however, there are issues about the reliability of the reported figures. Further, in current aquaculture practice, products from several pounds of wild fish are used to produce one pound of a piscivorous fish like salmon.

Fermented foods and beverages play an important role in the diet of people in many parts of the world. Fermented foods provide important sources of nutrients and have great potential in maintaining health and preventing diseases. These harbour diverse microorganisms from the environment, which include mold, yeast and bacteria, mostly lactic acid bacteria, bacilli and micrococci. Many different types of fermented foods and beverages are produced in world wide. These include fermented milks, cereal-based fermented food, and non-alcoholic beverage, fermented fruits, and vegetables, and fermented meat. Beside these beneficial microorganisms some spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms are also present. Spoilage microorganisms cause food to spoil and are not harmful to humans. Pathogenic microorganisms are disease-causing microorganisms. The living microorganism or a microbial toxin (microbial waste product) must be consumed to cause symptoms associated with specific pathogenic microorganisms. This Food Microbiology Conference related to fermentation will be helpful in explaining these facts.

This Food conference will see a wide variety of subjects discussed around the areas food risk assessment and management. The microbiological safety of food has been advanced substantially by the introduction and implementation of the Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Point (HACCP) concept. HACCP provides a systematic conceptual framework for identifying food hazards and focusing efforts on the proper functioning of key food production, food processing and marketing steps. The complexity of the pre-harvest, harvest, and post-harvest environments make it impossible to control all potential sources of food contamination. Efforts at prevention and control are implemented throughout the food production and food processing system. Researchers are continually searching for a better understanding of the pathogens and their interaction with the environment, leading to improved control technologies. But at the same time, the pathogens continue to evolve, and human actions sometimes drive that evolution. Even small environmental changes can have unforeseen or even unforeseeable impact on microbial populations. Improved understanding of these complex factors provides insight into pathogen evolution and opens the door to new and improved prevention and control methods.

A food-borne infectious disease is a quite common health problem that currently affects millions around the world. The burden of diseases caused by these food-borne pathogens remains mostly unknown. Concern over pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in foods is increasing because of the increase in outbreaks of food-borne diseases (FBDs). The majority of food-borne diseases have either a bacterial or viral ethology. Preventive aspects are geared toward holding food (including liquid and alternative enteral feeds) at the proper temperature, storing food in a hygienic manner and preventing cross contamination. Foodborne diseases are often caused by biological, chemical or physical hazards.

Food Safety refers to handling, preparing and storing food in an exceedingly way to best scale back the chance of individuals becoming sick from foodborne diseases. Food safety is a global concern that covers a variety of various areas of everyday life. The principles of food safety aim to forestall food from becoming contaminated and causing food poisoning. Food Quality confirms all the safety, nutritional quality and acceptability of the delivered foods as well as food acceptability by customers. Safely keeping of food will maintain the utilizing quality of it.

Predictive microbiology is a description of the responses of microorganism's to particular environmental conditions such as temperature, pH and water activity. Predictive microbiology utilises mathematical models and computer software to graphically describe these responses. Predictive microbiological models do not replace laboratory analysis or the training and judgment of an experienced food microbiologist. Predictive microbiological models must be used with great caution and only used by trained, experienced personnel with an understanding of the limitations of use.

The presence of fungi in food has been both advantage and problems to food stores. Fungi can spoil large quantities of food and produce dangerous toxins that threaten human health; however, fungal spoilage in certain foods can produce a unique, highly prized food source and there are some very effective fungal-derived medicines. A thorough understanding of the vast body of knowledge relating to food mycology requires an inclusive volume that covers both the beneficial and detrimental roles of fungi in our food supply. These include food groups such as bakery products, dairy products, beverages (e.g. fruit juices), dried fruits and nuts, and confectionary. Fungi can also present health risks by the production of specific toxic agents called mycotoxins, which are often poorly understood but are being increasingly recognized as agents of both acute and chronic toxicity in humans and animals. This creates an opportunity in research towards the fungi and yeasts, and the problems they can cause in foods, in terms of spoilage and health effects. It will present a balanced view of the importance of these agents in the context of the modern food industry.